Bandgap refers to a region of an element’s crystal’s electronic band structure through which electrons can’t pass.
Burn-in refers to a testing process where components are deliberately stressed with extreme conditions like high temperatures and voltages
A capacitor is an electronic component that stores energy as an electrostatic field. It consists of two parallel conductors
A carbon nanotube (CNT) is a molecule made of carbon atoms arranged in a cylindrical nanostructure.
Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is a technique used to smoothen and flatten surfaces at the nanoscale level
A chip – a microchip or an integrated circuit (IC) – is a tiny electronic circuit etched on a wafer of semiconductor material, typically silicon
In semiconductors, architecture refers to the instruction set architecture, a detailed set of rules and specifications governing how a chip processes data and executes instructions
A compound semiconductor is a material with electrical conductivity that falls between conductors and insulators
Czochralski growth, also called the Czochralski method or technique, is a method for growing high-quality single crystals of various materials
Design In is an approach in semiconductor manufacturing that breaks the silos between manufacturers, marketers, and end users
A diode is a semiconductor device that exhibits a nonlinear current-voltage relationship. it allows current to flow easily in one direction
Doping in semiconductors is adding a small amount of impurities into a very pure semiconductor material
Electroluminescence is the emission of light by a material when subjected to an electric current or a strong electric field
Electron beam lithography is a technique for creating high-resolution patterns on a semiconductor substrate by directing a beam of electrons
In the world of semiconductors, ‘Eleven Nines’ refers to a semiconductor with near-perfect levels of purity, specifically 99.999999999%
Epitaxial growth refers to depositing a thin, crystal layer on a crystal substrate, with a specific orientation.
In semiconductor manufacturing, etching is a crucial process that sculpts the intricate circuits on a silicon wafer
Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography is a cutting-edge technique to manufacture modern computer chips
In the world of electronics, a fab refers to a fabrication facility. This is a specialised factory that manufactures semiconductors
A foundry is a factory that manufactures semiconductor devices like integrated circuits (ICs) for other companies
Gallium arsenide (GaAs) is a versatile material with several properties that make it valuable in electronics
Graphene is a wonder material consisting of a single atomic layer of carbon atoms packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice
The hall effect is a phenomenon when voltage is generated across a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field
A ‘hole’ arises due to a missing electron in the valence band, which normally participates in covalent bonding between atoms
A hybrid integrated circuit is a miniaturised electronic circuit that combines different electronic components on a single platform
In semiconductor manufacturing, immersion lithography creates smaller and more intricate features on wafers
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current flows through it
Lithography is a critical process that uses light to transfer intricate circuit (IC) patterns onto a silicon wafer
A microprocessor is a complex, programmable integrated circuit (IC) on a single chip that can execute instructions
Moore’s Law is the observation that the number of transistors on a microchip doubles about every two years, leading to exponential growth in computing power
A Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) is a fundamental building block of modern electronics
An n-type semiconductor is a type of semiconductor material that shows increased conductivity when donor impurities are introduced
A p-type semiconductor is a type of semiconductor material that shows increased conductivity when donor impurities are introduced
Photoconductivity is the phenomenon where certain materials become more electrically conductive when exposed to light
The photoelectric effect is a phenomenon where light knocks electrons out of a material, resulting in the emission of these electrons, called photoelectrons
In semiconductor manufacturing, photolithography is a process that uses light to transfer circuit patterns onto a silicon wafer
A printed circuit board is a thin board made of insulating material that has thin layers of metal (usually copper) bonded to it.
Quantum tunneling is a phenomenon in quantum mechanics where a particle passes through a potential energy barrier that it classically should not be able to surmount
The gate electrode is a thin film of a conductive material deposited on top of an insulator layer in a transistor
A semiconductor is a material that falls between a conductor and an insulator regarding its ability to conduct electricity
Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a hard, brittle crystalline solid with a blue-grey metallic lustre
A silicon wafer is a thin slice of crystalline silicon typically grown using the Czochralski process, which involves pulling a crystal seed from a molten silicon bath.
A single electron transistor — is a transistor that operates on the principles of quantum mechanics and utilises the behaviour of single electrons
Spintronics, is a rapidly developing field that explores the potential of utilising the spin of electrons in solid-state devices
A transistor is a tiny but powerful electronic component that acts like a switch or an amplifier
X-ray lithography is a high-resolution patterning technique to fabricate micro and nanoelectronic devices
